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- The Poetry of A. E. Housman
-
- Housman was born in Burton-On-Trent, England, in 1865, just as the US
- Civil War was ending. As a young child, he was disturbed by the news of
- slaughter from the former British colonies, and was affected deeply.
- This turned him into a brooding, introverted teenager and a misanthropic,
- pessimistic adult. This outlook on life shows clearly in his poetry.
-
- Housman believed that people were generally evil, and that life conspired
- against mankind. This is evident not only in his poetry, but also in his
- short stories. For example, his story, "The Child of Lancashire,"
- published in 1893 in The London Gazette, is about an child who travels to
- London, where his parents die, and he becomes a street urchin. There are
- veiled implications that the child is a homosexual (as was Housman, most
- probably), and he becomes mixed up with a gang of similar youths,
- attacking affluent pedestrians and stealing their watches and gold coins.
- Eventually he leaves the gang and becomes wealthy, but is attacked by
- the same gang (who don't recognize him) and is thrown off London Bridge
- into the Thames, which is unfortunately frozen over, and is killed on the
- hard ice below.
-
- Housman's poetry is similarly pessimistic. In fully half the poems the
- speaker is dead. In others, he is about to die or wants to die, or his
- girlfriend is dead. Death is a really important stage of life to
- Housman; without death, Housman would probably not have been able to be a
- poet. (Housman, himself, died in 1937.) A few of his poems show an
- uncharacteristic optimism and love of beauty, however. For example, in
- his poem "Trees," he begins
-
- Loveliest of trees, the cherry now
- Hung low with bloom along the bow
- Stands about the woodland side
- A virgin in white for Eastertide
-
- and ends
-
- Poems are made by fools like me
- But only God can make a tree.
-
- (This is a popular quotation, yet most people don't know its source!)
- Religion is another theme of Housman's. Housman seems to have had
- trouble reconciling conventional Christianity with his homosexuality and
- his deep clinical depression. In "Apologia pro Poemate Meo" he states
-
- In heaven-high musings and many
- Far off in the wayward night sky,
- I would think that the love I bear you
- Would make you unable to die [death again]
-
- Would God in his church in heaven
- Forgive us our sins of the day,
- That boy and man together
- Might join in the night and the way.
-
- I think that the sense of hopelessness and homosexual longing is
- unmistakable. However, these themes went entirely over the heads of the
- people of Housman's day, in the early 1900s.
-
- The best known collection of Housman's poetry is A Shropshire Lad,
- published in 1925, followed shortly by More Poems, 1927, and Even More
- Poems, 1928. Unsurprisingly, most collections have the same sense and
- style. They could easily be one collection, in terms of stylistic
- content. All show a sense of the fragility of life, the perversity of
- existence, and a thinly veiled homosexual longing, in spite of the fact
- that many of the poems apparently (but subliminally?) speak of young
- women. It is clear from these works that women were only a metaphor for
- love, which in Housman's case usually did not include the female half of
- society. More Poems contains perhaps the best statement of Housman's
- philosophy of life, a long, untitled poem (no. LXIX) with oblique
- references to the town of his birth, Burton-on-Trent, and statements like
-
- And while the sun and moon endure
- Luck's a chance, but trouble's sure...
-
- Indeed, how much more pessimistic can one be?
-
- Not only a poet and storyteller, Housman was a noted classical scholar.
- He is known for his extensive translations of the Greek classics,
- especially Greek plays by Euripides and Sophocles. Unfortunately, the
- bulk of his manuscripts were lost in a disastrous fire in his office at
- Oxford, which was caused by a lit cigar falling into a stack of papers.
- There were rumors that Housman was hidden in a closet with a young boy at
- the time, and therefore did not see the fire in his own office until it
- was too late to extinguish it. The Trustees of the college, however,
- managed to squelch the rumors, and Housman's academic tenure was not
- threatened by the incident.
-
- Now only a few gems of his poetic translation remain. One of the finest
- is from Sophocles' Alcestis, which begins
-
- Of strong things I find not any
- That is as the strength of Fate...
-
- Indeed, a comment on Housman's sense of fatalism.
-
- Housman is considered a minor poet, primarily because of his use of rhyme
- and meter, and frequent and effective use of imagery and symbolism. (It
- is generally accepted that major twentieth-century poetry must inevitably
- go beyond the strictures of late-nineteenth century styles, so any poet
- using such styles can only be classed as minor.) Nonetheless, I like
- him. I can forgive his sexual orientation, especially since my own
- father and brother share it (and sometimes I wonder about myself!) His
- wonderful poetry and other writings stand apart, by themselves, in their
- unique and special splendor.
-
-